Central Self - Tolerance by Thymic Presentation of Self - Antigens and Autoimmunity

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Peripheral-antigen-expressing cells in thymic medulla: factors in self-tolerance and autoimmunity.

The thymus expresses many genes previously thought to be specific for cell types in other organs. Thus, insulin genes are expressed in rare cells of the thymic medulla. Thymus transplantation demonstrates a functional capability of such expression for self-tolerance induction. Correlative studies suggest that impaired thymic expression confers susceptibility to autoimmune disease.

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The spontaneous development of destructive polyarthritis in mice transgenic for an autoreactive T-cell receptor supports the notion that a failure of T-cell self-tolerance can lead to similar diseases in humans, and sheds new light on the role of peripheral tolerance in the avoidance of such pathological immune responses.

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Highly variable expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens in human thymus: implications for self-tolerance and autoimmunity.

Induction of T cell tolerance in the thymus (central tolerance) is essential for preventing organ-specific autoimmunity. This apparent paradox is in part explained by promiscuous expression of numerous tissue-restricted self-antigens (TRA) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC), which is highly conserved between mice and man. In animal models, the threshold of central tolerance towards suc...

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Self-Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells in Autoimmunity

The operation of both central and peripheral tolerance ensures the prevention of autoimmune diseases. The maintenance of peripheral tolerance requires self-antigen presentation by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as major APCs involved in this process. The current review discusses the role of DCs in autoimmune diseases, the various factors invol...

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Self-antigens expressed in extrathymic tissues such as the pancreas can be transported to draining lymph nodes and presented in a class I-restricted manner by bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells. Such cross-presentation of self-antigens leads to CD8+ T cell tolerance induction via deletion. In this report, we investigate the influence of CD4+ T cell help on this process. Small numbers ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Current Medicinal Chemistry-Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents

سال: 2001

ISSN: 1568-0134

DOI: 10.2174/1568013013359186